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Search | PLANT SCIENCETaxonomyOne of the basic subdisciplines of plant science and life science in general, taxonomy (also known as systematics) is the study of relationships and organization of plant species. The great diversity within the plant kingdom requires a system by which plant species are named and classified. The modern system is a modification of the system first established in the eighteenth century by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus. Each species is placed into a hierarchy of groups that indicate its similarity and dissimilarity to other species. These categories (taxa) are from the most to the least inclusive: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The species is the most natural and fundamental unit. Similar species are grouped into a genus, similar genera into a family, families into orders, orders into classes, classes into phyla, and phyla into the kingdoms typically studied in plant science courses: true plants, or Plantae, Fungi, and Protista (which include many unicellular organisms and algae). Each species is given a scientific name which includes the genus name followed by the species name. An example is the scientific name of the dwarf crested iris: Iris cristata. Morphology Morphology includes the study of the general structure of plants. Continue of the article: Morphology Anatomy Anatomy is the study of plant tissues. New plant cells are formed within meristems. Continue of the article: Anatomy Cytology Cytology is the study life at the cellular level; another name for this discipline is cell biology. Continue of the article: Cytology Physiology Physiology is the study of the various functions performed in and by living organisms. Continue of the article: Physiology Genetics Genetics, the study of heredity and the mechanisms that control it, is an outgrowth of the studies of Gregor Mendel. Continue of the article: Genetics Molecular Biology Genetics today is in many ways the concern of another discipline of plant science, molecular biology. Continue of the article: Molecular Biology Ecology The early Greek scientist Theophrastus, in the third century b.c.e., recognized environmental effects on plants. Continue of the article: Ecology Pale botany Fossils have long been recognized as remnants of plants and animals that lived and died many millennia ago. Continue of the article: Pale botany Economic Botany People have always relied on plants to provide basic necessities of life: food, shelter, and clothing. Continue of the article: Economic Botany Related Disciplines Courses in botany and plant science often address organisms that are not, in the strict sense, plants but that nevertheless are appropriately studied in the same context. Continue of the article: Related Disciplines Share in: |
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